There is a recent study that compared the energy consumption of 27 of the most popular languages, using ten different programming problems.
Based on this research the most environmentally friendly languages in terms of least energy usage are C, C++, Rust, and Java.
The lowest-ranking languages are Ruby, Python, and Perl.
What about the Pascal?
As you can see, It is evident that Pascal is performing exceptionally well after 50 years, surpassing Swift, C#, GO, Dart, F#, JavaScript, TypeScript, PHP, Erlang, Ruby, Python, and numerous other programming languages.
The team used Intel’s Running Average Power Limit (RAPL) tool to measure power consumption, which can provide very accurate power consumption estimates.
Abstract of the paper:
“This paper presents a study of the runtime, memory usage, and energy consumption of twenty-seven well-known software languages. We monitor the performance of such languages using ten different programming problems, expressed in each of the languages. Our results show interesting findings, such as slower/faster languages consuming less/more energy, and how memory usage influences energy consumption. We show how to use our results to provide software engineers support to decide which language to use when energy efficiency is a concern.”
You can find more info in this regard here on the original report: https://greenlab.di.uminho.pt/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/sleFinal.pdf
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